Types of objects

Praat contains the following types of objects and Editors. For an introduction and tutorials, see Intro.

General purpose:

  • Matrix: a sampled real-valued function of two variables
  • Polygon
  • PointProcess: a point process (PointEditor)
  • Sound: a sampled continuous process (SoundEditor, SoundRecorder, Sound files)
  • LongSound: a file-based version of a sound (LongSoundEditor)
  • Strings
  • Distributions, PairDistribution
  • Table, TableOfReal
  • Permutation
  • ParamCurve

Periodicity analysis:

  • Tutorials:
  • Intro 4. Pitch analysis
  • Intro 6. Intensity analysis
  • Voice (jitter, shimmer, noise)
  • Pitch: articulatory fundamental frequency, acoustic periodicity, or perceptual pitch (PitchEditor)
  • Harmonicity: degree of periodicity
  • Intensity, IntensityTier: intensity contour
  • Electroglottogram

Spectral analysis:

  • Tutorials:
  • Intro 3. Spectral analysis
  • Intro 5. Formant analysis
  • Spectrum: complex-valued equally spaced frequency spectrum (SpectrumEditor)
  • Ltas: long-term average spectrum
  • Spectro-temporal: Spectrogram, BarkSpectrogram, MelSpectrogram
  • Formant: acoustic formant contours
  • LPC: coefficients of Linear Predictive Coding, as a function of time
  • Cepstrum, CC, LFCC, MFCC (cepstral coefficients)
  • Excitation: excitation pattern of basilar membrane
  • Excitations: an ensemble of Excitation objects
  • Cochleagram: excitation pattern as a function of time

Labelling and segmentation (see Intro 7. Annotation):

  • TextGrid (TextGridEditor)

Listening experiments:

  • ExperimentMFC

Manipulation of sound:

  • Tutorials:
  • Intro 8.1. Manipulation of pitch
  • Intro 8.2. Manipulation of duration
  • Intro 8.3. Manipulation of intensity
  • Filtering
  • Source-filter synthesis
  • PitchTier (PitchTierEditor)
  • Manipulation (ManipulationEditor): overlap-add
  • DurationTier
  • FormantGrid

Articulatory synthesis (see the Articulatory synthesis tutorial):

  • Speaker: speaker characteristics of a woman, a man, or a child
  • Articulation: snapshot of articulatory specifications (muscle activities)
  • Artword: articulatory target specifications as functions of time
  • (VocalTract: area function)

Neural net package:

  • FFNet: feed-forward neural net
  • PatternList
  • Categories: for classification (CategoriesEditor)

Numerical and statistical analysis:

  • Eigen: eigenvectors and eigenvalues
  • Polynomial, Roots, ChebyshevSeries, LegendreSeries, ISpline, MSpline
  • Covariance: covariance matrix
  • Confusion: confusion matrix
  • Discriminant analysis: Discriminant
  • Principal component analysis: PCA
  • Correlation, ClassificationTable, SSCP
  • DTW: dynamic time warping

Multidimensional scaling:

  • Configuration (Salience)
  • Kruskal analysis: Dissimilarity (Weight), Similarity
  • INDSCAL analysis: Distance, ScalarProduct
  • Correspondence analysis: ContingencyTable

Optimality-theoretic learning (see the OT learning tutorial)

  • OTGrammar (OTGrammarEditor)

Bureaucracy

  • WordList, SpellingChecker

### Links to this page

- AffineTransform
- AmplitudeTier
- BarkFilter
- CCA
- DataModeler
- EditCostsTable
- EditDistanceTable
- FormantFilter
- FormantPath
- Index
- MelFilter
- MixingMatrix
- NavigationContext
- Photo
- PowerCepstrogram
- PowerCepstrum
- Procrustes
- Proximity
- RealTier
- SpeechRecognizer
- SpeechSynthesizer
- TextGridNavigator
- VocalTractTier