HijrahDate (Java Platform SE 8 )
Keywords: java.time.chrono.HijrahDate class
Date: 2026-04-22

compact1, compact2, compact3
java.time.chrono

## Class HijrahDate

- java.lang.Object
- - java.time.chrono.HijrahDate

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, Comparable<ChronoLocalDate>, ChronoLocalDate, Temporal, TemporalAccessor, TemporalAdjuster

      public final class HijrahDate
      extends Object
      implements ChronoLocalDate, Serializable

  A date in the Hijrah calendar system.

  This date operates using one of several variants of the Hijrah calendar.

  The Hijrah calendar has a different total of days in a year than Gregorian calendar, and the length of each month is based on the period of a complete revolution of the moon around the earth (as between successive new moons). Refer to the `HijrahChronology` for details of supported variants.

  Each HijrahDate is created bound to a particular HijrahChronology, The same chronology is propagated to each HijrahDate computed from the date. To use a different Hijrah variant, its HijrahChronology can be used to create new HijrahDate instances. Alternatively, the `withVariant(java.time.chrono.HijrahChronology)` method can be used to convert to a new HijrahChronology.

  This is a value-based class; use of identity-sensitive operations (including reference equality (`==`), identity hash code, or synchronization) on instances of `HijrahDate` may have unpredictable results and should be avoided. The `equals` method should be used for comparisons.

  Implementation Requirements:
    This class is immutable and thread-safe.
  Since:
    1.8
  See Also:
    Serialized Form

- - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `ChronoLocalDateTime<HijrahDate>` | `atTime(LocalTime localTime)` Combines this date with a time to create a `ChronoLocalDateTime`.
    `boolean` | `equals(Object obj)` Compares this date to another date, including the chronology.
    `static HijrahDate` | `from(TemporalAccessor temporal)` Obtains a `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar from a temporal object.
    `HijrahChronology` | `getChronology()` Gets the chronology of this date, which is the Hijrah calendar system.
    `HijrahEra` | `getEra()` Gets the era applicable at this date.
    `long` | `getLong(TemporalField field)` Gets the value of the specified field as a `long`.
    `int` | `hashCode()` A hash code for this date.
    `boolean` | `isLeapYear()` Checks if the year is a leap year, according to the Hijrah calendar system rules.
    `int` | `lengthOfMonth()` Returns the length of the month represented by this date.
    `int` | `lengthOfYear()` Returns the length of the year represented by this date.
    `HijrahDate` | `minus(long amountToSubtract, TemporalUnit unit)` Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified period subtracted.
    `HijrahDate` | `minus(TemporalAmount amount)` Returns an object of the same type as this object with an amount subtracted.
    `static HijrahDate` | `now()` Obtains the current `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar in the default time-zone.
    `static HijrahDate` | `now(Clock clock)` Obtains the current `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar from the specified clock.
    `static HijrahDate` | `now(ZoneId zone)` Obtains the current `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar in the specified time-zone.
    `static HijrahDate` | `of(int prolepticYear, int month, int dayOfMonth)` Obtains a `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar from the proleptic-year, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.
    `HijrahDate` | `plus(long amountToAdd, TemporalUnit unit)` Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified period added.
    `HijrahDate` | `plus(TemporalAmount amount)` Returns an object of the same type as this object with an amount added.
    `ValueRange` | `range(TemporalField field)` Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.
    `long` | `toEpochDay()` Converts this date to the Epoch Day.
    `String` | `toString()` Returns a string representation of the object.
    `ChronoPeriod` | `until(ChronoLocalDate endDate)` Calculates the period between this date and another date as a `ChronoPeriod`.
    `long` | `until(Temporal endExclusive, TemporalUnit unit)` Calculates the amount of time until another date in terms of the specified unit.
    `HijrahDate` | `with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster)` Returns an adjusted object of the same type as this object with the adjustment made.
    `HijrahDate` | `with(TemporalField field, long newValue)` Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified field altered.
    `HijrahDate` | `withVariant(HijrahChronology chronology)` Returns a `HijrahDate` with the Chronology requested.

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

    - ### Methods inherited from interface java.time.chrono.ChronoLocalDate

      `adjustInto, compareTo, format, isAfter, isBefore, isEqual, isSupported, isSupported, query, timeLineOrder, toString, until`

    - ### Methods inherited from interface java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor

      `get`

- - ### Method Detail

    - #### now

          public static HijrahDate now()

      Obtains the current `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar in the default time-zone.

      This will query the `system clock` in the default time-zone to obtain the current date.

      Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing because the clock is hard-coded.

      Returns:
        the current date using the system clock and default time-zone, not null

    - #### now

          public static HijrahDate now(ZoneId zone)

      Obtains the current `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar in the specified time-zone.

      This will query the `system clock` to obtain the current date. Specifying the time-zone avoids dependence on the default time-zone.

      Using this method will prevent the ability to use an alternate clock for testing because the clock is hard-coded.

      Parameters:
        `zone` - the zone ID to use, not null
      Returns:
        the current date using the system clock, not null

    - #### now

          public static HijrahDate now(Clock clock)

      Obtains the current `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar from the specified clock.

      This will query the specified clock to obtain the current date - today. Using this method allows the use of an alternate clock for testing. The alternate clock may be introduced using dependency injection.

      Parameters:
        `clock` - the clock to use, not null
      Returns:
        the current date, not null
      Throws:
        `DateTimeException` - if the current date cannot be obtained

    - #### of

          public static HijrahDate of(int prolepticYear,
                                      int month,
                                      int dayOfMonth)

      Obtains a `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar from the proleptic-year, month-of-year and day-of-month fields.

      This returns a `HijrahDate` with the specified fields. The day must be valid for the year and month, otherwise an exception will be thrown.

      Parameters:
        `prolepticYear` - the Hijrah proleptic-year
        `month` - the Hijrah month-of-year, from 1 to 12
        `dayOfMonth` - the Hijrah day-of-month, from 1 to 30
      Returns:
        the date in Hijrah calendar system, not null
      Throws:
        `DateTimeException` - if the value of any field is out of range, or if the day-of-month is invalid for the month-year

    - #### from

          public static HijrahDate from(TemporalAccessor temporal)

      Obtains a `HijrahDate` of the Islamic Umm Al-Qura calendar from a temporal object.

      This obtains a date in the Hijrah calendar system based on the specified temporal. A `TemporalAccessor` represents an arbitrary set of date and time information, which this factory converts to an instance of `HijrahDate`.

      The conversion typically uses the `EPOCH_DAY` field, which is standardized across calendar systems.

      This method matches the signature of the functional interface `TemporalQuery` allowing it to be used as a query via method reference, `HijrahDate::from`.

      Specified by:
        `from` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Parameters:
        `temporal` - the temporal object to convert, not null
      Returns:
        the date in Hijrah calendar system, not null
      Throws:
        `DateTimeException` - if unable to convert to a `HijrahDate`
      See Also:
        `Chronology.date(TemporalAccessor)`

    - #### getChronology

          public HijrahChronology getChronology()

      Gets the chronology of this date, which is the Hijrah calendar system.

      The `Chronology` represents the calendar system in use. The era and other fields in `ChronoField` are defined by the chronology.

      Specified by:
        `getChronology` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns:
        the Hijrah chronology, not null

    - #### getEra

          public HijrahEra getEra()

      Gets the era applicable at this date.

      The Hijrah calendar system has one era, 'AH', defined by `HijrahEra`.

      Specified by:
        `getEra` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns:
        the era applicable at this date, not null

    - #### lengthOfMonth

          public int lengthOfMonth()

      Returns the length of the month represented by this date.

      This returns the length of the month in days. Month lengths in the Hijrah calendar system vary between 29 and 30 days.

      Specified by:
        `lengthOfMonth` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns:
        the length of the month in days

    - #### lengthOfYear

          public int lengthOfYear()

      Returns the length of the year represented by this date.

      This returns the length of the year in days. A Hijrah calendar system year is typically shorter than that of the ISO calendar system.

      Specified by:
        `lengthOfYear` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns:
        the length of the year in days

    - #### range

          public ValueRange range(TemporalField field)

      Description copied from interface: `TemporalAccessor`
      Gets the range of valid values for the specified field.

      All fields can be expressed as a `long` integer. This method returns an object that describes the valid range for that value. The value of this temporal object is used to enhance the accuracy of the returned range. If the date-time cannot return the range, because the field is unsupported or for some other reason, an exception will be thrown.

      Note that the result only describes the minimum and maximum valid values and it is important not to read too much into them. For example, there could be values within the range that are invalid for the field.

      Specified by:
        `range` in interface `TemporalAccessor`
      Parameters:
        `field` - the field to query the range for, not null
      Returns:
        the range of valid values for the field, not null

    - #### getLong

          public long getLong(TemporalField field)

      Description copied from interface: `TemporalAccessor`
      Gets the value of the specified field as a `long`.

      This queries the date-time for the value of the specified field. The returned value may be outside the valid range of values for the field. If the date-time cannot return the value, because the field is unsupported or for some other reason, an exception will be thrown.

      Specified by:
        `getLong` in interface `TemporalAccessor`
      Parameters:
        `field` - the field to get, not null
      Returns:
        the value for the field

    - #### with

          public HijrahDate with(TemporalField field,
                                 long newValue)

      Description copied from interface: `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified field altered.

      This returns a new object based on this one with the value for the specified field changed. For example, on a `LocalDate`, this could be used to set the year, month or day-of-month. The returned object will have the same observable type as this object.

      In some cases, changing a field is not fully defined. For example, if the target object is a date representing the 31st January, then changing the month to February would be unclear. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the result. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February in this example.

      Specified by:
        `with` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Specified by:
        `with` in interface `Temporal`
      Parameters:
        `field` - the field to set in the result, not null
        `newValue` - the new value of the field in the result
      Returns:
        an object of the same type with the specified field set, not null

    - #### with

          public HijrahDate with(TemporalAdjuster adjuster)

      Returns an adjusted object of the same type as this object with the adjustment made.

      This adjusts this date-time according to the rules of the specified adjuster. A simple adjuster might simply set the one of the fields, such as the year field. A more complex adjuster might set the date to the last day of the month. A selection of common adjustments is provided in `TemporalAdjusters`. These include finding the "last day of the month" and "next Wednesday". The adjuster is responsible for handling special cases, such as the varying lengths of month and leap years.

      Some example code indicating how and why this method is used:

            date = date.with(Month.JULY);        // most key classes implement TemporalAdjuster
            date = date.with(lastDayOfMonth());  // static import from Adjusters
            date = date.with(next(WEDNESDAY));   // static import from Adjusters and DayOfWeek

      Specified by:
        `with` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Specified by:
        `with` in interface `Temporal`
      Parameters:
        `adjuster` - the adjuster to use, not null
      Returns:
        an object of the same type with the specified adjustment made, not null
      Throws:
        `DateTimeException` - if unable to make the adjustment. For example, if the adjuster requires an ISO chronology
        `ArithmeticException` - if numeric overflow occurs

    - #### withVariant

          public HijrahDate withVariant(HijrahChronology chronology)

      Returns a `HijrahDate` with the Chronology requested.

      The year, month, and day are checked against the new requested HijrahChronology. If the chronology has a shorter month length for the month, the day is reduced to be the last day of the month.

      Parameters:
        `chronology` - the new HijrahChonology, non-null
      Returns:
        a HijrahDate with the requested HijrahChronology, non-null

    - #### plus

          public HijrahDate plus(TemporalAmount amount)

      Returns an object of the same type as this object with an amount added.

      This adjusts this temporal, adding according to the rules of the specified amount. The amount is typically a `Period` but may be any other type implementing the `TemporalAmount` interface, such as `Duration`.

      Some example code indicating how and why this method is used:

            date = date.plus(period);                // add a Period instance
            date = date.plus(duration);              // add a Duration instance
            date = date.plus(workingDays(6));        // example user-written workingDays method

      Note that calling `plus` followed by `minus` is not guaranteed to return the same date-time.

      Specified by:
        `plus` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Specified by:
        `plus` in interface `Temporal`
      Parameters:
        `amount` - the amount to add, not null
      Returns:
        an object of the same type with the specified adjustment made, not null
      Throws:
        `DateTimeException` - if the addition cannot be made
        `ArithmeticException` - if numeric overflow occurs

    - #### minus

          public HijrahDate minus(TemporalAmount amount)

      Returns an object of the same type as this object with an amount subtracted.

      This adjusts this temporal, subtracting according to the rules of the specified amount. The amount is typically a `Period` but may be any other type implementing the `TemporalAmount` interface, such as `Duration`.

      Some example code indicating how and why this method is used:

            date = date.minus(period);               // subtract a Period instance
            date = date.minus(duration);             // subtract a Duration instance
            date = date.minus(workingDays(6));       // example user-written workingDays method

      Note that calling `plus` followed by `minus` is not guaranteed to return the same date-time.

      Specified by:
        `minus` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Specified by:
        `minus` in interface `Temporal`
      Parameters:
        `amount` - the amount to subtract, not null
      Returns:
        an object of the same type with the specified adjustment made, not null
      Throws:
        `DateTimeException` - if the subtraction cannot be made
        `ArithmeticException` - if numeric overflow occurs

    - #### toEpochDay

          public long toEpochDay()

      Description copied from interface: `ChronoLocalDate`
      Converts this date to the Epoch Day.

      The `Epoch Day count` is a simple incrementing count of days where day 0 is 1970-01-01 (ISO). This definition is the same for all chronologies, enabling conversion.

      This default implementation queries the `EPOCH_DAY` field.

      Specified by:
        `toEpochDay` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns:
        the Epoch Day equivalent to this date

    - #### isLeapYear

          public boolean isLeapYear()

      Checks if the year is a leap year, according to the Hijrah calendar system rules.
      Specified by:
        `isLeapYear` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns:
        true if this date is in a leap year

    - #### plus

          public HijrahDate plus(long amountToAdd,
                                 TemporalUnit unit)

      Description copied from interface: `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified period added.

      This method returns a new object based on this one with the specified period added. For example, on a `LocalDate`, this could be used to add a number of years, months or days. The returned object will have the same observable type as this object.

      In some cases, changing a field is not fully defined. For example, if the target object is a date representing the 31st January, then adding one month would be unclear. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the result. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February in this example.

      Specified by:
        `plus` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Specified by:
        `plus` in interface `Temporal`
      Parameters:
        `amountToAdd` - the amount of the specified unit to add, may be negative
        `unit` - the unit of the amount to add, not null
      Returns:
        an object of the same type with the specified period added, not null

    - #### minus

          public HijrahDate minus(long amountToSubtract,
                                  TemporalUnit unit)

      Description copied from interface: `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns an object of the same type as this object with the specified period subtracted.

      This method returns a new object based on this one with the specified period subtracted. For example, on a `LocalDate`, this could be used to subtract a number of years, months or days. The returned object will have the same observable type as this object.

      In some cases, changing a field is not fully defined. For example, if the target object is a date representing the 31st March, then subtracting one month would be unclear. In cases like this, the field is responsible for resolving the result. Typically it will choose the previous valid date, which would be the last valid day of February in this example.

      Specified by:
        `minus` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Specified by:
        `minus` in interface `Temporal`
      Parameters:
        `amountToSubtract` - the amount of the specified unit to subtract, may be negative
        `unit` - the unit of the amount to subtract, not null
      Returns:
        an object of the same type with the specified period subtracted, not null

    - #### atTime

          public final ChronoLocalDateTime<HijrahDate> atTime(LocalTime localTime)

      Description copied from interface: `ChronoLocalDate`
      Combines this date with a time to create a `ChronoLocalDateTime`.

      This returns a `ChronoLocalDateTime` formed from this date at the specified time. All possible combinations of date and time are valid.

      Specified by:
        `atTime` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Parameters:
        `localTime` - the local time to use, not null
      Returns:
        the local date-time formed from this date and the specified time, not null

    - #### until

          public ChronoPeriod until(ChronoLocalDate endDate)

      Description copied from interface: `ChronoLocalDate`
      Calculates the period between this date and another date as a `ChronoPeriod`.

      This calculates the period between two dates. All supplied chronologies calculate the period using years, months and days, however the `ChronoPeriod` API allows the period to be represented using other units.

      The start and end points are `this` and the specified date. The result will be negative if the end is before the start. The negative sign will be the same in each of year, month and day.

      The calculation is performed using the chronology of this date. If necessary, the input date will be converted to match.

      This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

      Specified by:
        `until` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Parameters:
        `endDate` - the end date, exclusive, which may be in any chronology, not null
      Returns:
        the period between this date and the end date, not null

    - #### equals

          public boolean equals(Object obj)

      Compares this date to another date, including the chronology.

      Compares this `HijrahDate` with another ensuring that the date is the same.

      Only objects of type `HijrahDate` are compared, other types return false. To compare the dates of two `TemporalAccessor` instances, including dates in two different chronologies, use `ChronoField.EPOCH_DAY` as a comparator.

      Specified by:
        `equals` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Parameters:
        `obj` - the object to check, null returns false
      Returns:
        true if this is equal to the other date and the Chronologies are equal
      See Also:
        `Object.hashCode()`, `HashMap`

    - #### hashCode

          public int hashCode()

      A hash code for this date.
      Specified by:
        `hashCode` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Returns:
        a suitable hash code based only on the Chronology and the date
      See Also:
        `Object.equals(java.lang.Object)`, `System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### until

          public long until(Temporal endExclusive,
                            TemporalUnit unit)

      Description copied from interface: `ChronoLocalDate`
      Calculates the amount of time until another date in terms of the specified unit.

      This calculates the amount of time between two `ChronoLocalDate` objects in terms of a single `TemporalUnit`. The start and end points are `this` and the specified date. The result will be negative if the end is before the start. The `Temporal` passed to this method is converted to a `ChronoLocalDate` using `Chronology.date(TemporalAccessor)`. The calculation returns a whole number, representing the number of complete units between the two dates. For example, the amount in days between two dates can be calculated using `startDate.until(endDate, DAYS)`.

      There are two equivalent ways of using this method. The first is to invoke this method. The second is to use `TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)`:

             // these two lines are equivalent
             amount = start.until(end, MONTHS);
             amount = MONTHS.between(start, end);

      The choice should be made based on which makes the code more readable.

      The calculation is implemented in this method for `ChronoUnit`. The units `DAYS`, `WEEKS`, `MONTHS`, `YEARS`, `DECADES`, `CENTURIES`, `MILLENNIA` and `ERAS` should be supported by all implementations. Other `ChronoUnit` values will throw an exception.

      If the unit is not a `ChronoUnit`, then the result of this method is obtained by invoking `TemporalUnit.between(Temporal, Temporal)` passing `this` as the first argument and the converted input temporal as the second argument.

      This instance is immutable and unaffected by this method call.

      Specified by:
        `until` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Specified by:
        `until` in interface `Temporal`
      Parameters:
        `endExclusive` - the end date, exclusive, which is converted to a `ChronoLocalDate` in the same chronology, not null
        `unit` - the unit to measure the amount in, not null
      Returns:
        the amount of time between this date and the end date

    - #### toString

          public String toString()

      Description copied from class: `Object`
      Returns a string representation of the object. In general, the `toString` method returns a string that "textually represents" this object. The result should be a concise but informative representation that is easy for a person to read. It is recommended that all subclasses override this method.

      The `toString` method for class `Object` returns a string consisting of the name of the class of which the object is an instance, the at-sign character ``@`', and the unsigned hexadecimal representation of the hash code of the object. In other words, this method returns a string equal to the value of:

      >      getClass().getName() + '@' + Integer.toHexString(hashCode())

      Specified by:
        `toString` in interface `ChronoLocalDate`
      Overrides:
        `toString` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a string representation of the object.

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