DIFFOSCOPE(1)

NAME
diffoscope - in-depth comparison of files, archives, and directories

SYNOPSIS
diffoscope --help
diffoscope [OPTIONS] [--json output_diff] path1 path2
diffoscope [OPTIONS] diff
diffoscope [OPTIONS] < diff
()

DESCRIPTION

diffoscope will try to get to the bottom of what makes files or directories different. It will recursively unpack archives of many kinds and transform various binary formats into more human-readable form to compare them. It can compare two tarballs, ISO images, or PDF just as easily.

It can be scripted through error codes, and a report can be produced with the detected differences. The report can be text or HTML. When no type of report has been selected, diffoscope defaults to write a text report on the standard output.

diffoscope was initially started by the "reproducible builds" Debian project and now being developed as part of the (wider) ???Reproducible Builds??? initiative. It is meant to be able to quickly understand why two builds of the same package produce different outputs. diffoscope was previously named debbindiff.

See the COMMAND-LINE EXAMPLES section further below to get you started, as well as more detailed explanations of all the command-line options. The same information is also available in /usr/share/doc/diffoscope/README.rst or similar.

path1
    First file or directory to compare.

path2
    Second file or directory to compare.

  options:

--debug
    Display debug messages

--pdb
    Open the Python pdb debugger in case of crashes

--status-fd FD
    Send machine-readable status to file descriptor FD

--progress, --no-progress
    Show an approximate progress bar. Default: yes if stdin is a tty, otherwise no.

--no-default-limits
    Disable most default output limits and diff calculation limits.

--load-existing-diff INPUT_FILE
    Load existing diff from file. Specify "-" to read a diffoscope diff from stdin.

  output types:

--text OUTPUT_FILE
    Write plain text output to given file (use - for stdout)

--text-color WHEN
    When to output color diff. WHEN is one of {never, auto, always}. Default: auto, meaning yes if the output is a terminal, otherwise no.

--output-empty
    If there was no difference, then output an empty diff for each output type that was specified. In --text output, an empty file is written.

--html OUTPUT_FILE
    Write HTML report to given file (use - for stdout)

--html-dir OUTPUT_DIR
    Write multi-file HTML report to given directory

--css URL
    Link to an extra CSS for the HTML report

--jquery URL
    URL link to jQuery, for --html and --html-dir output. If this is a non-existent relative URL, diffoscope will create a symlink to a system installation. (Paths searched: /usr/share/javascript/jquery/jquery.js.) If not given, --html output will not use JS but --htmldir will if it can be found; give "disable" to disable JS on all outputs.

--json OUTPUT_FILE
    Write JSON text output to given file (use - for stdout)

--markdown OUTPUT_FILE
    Write Markdown text output to given file (use - for stdout)

--restructured-text OUTPUT_FILE
    Write RsT text output to given file (use - for stdout)

--difftool TOOL
    Compare differences one-by-one using the specified external command similar to git-difftool(1)

--profile [OUTPUT_FILE]
    Write profiling info to given file (use - for stdout)

  output limits:

--diff-context LINES
    Lines of unified diff context to show. (default: 7)

--max-text-report-size BYTES
    Maximum bytes written in --text report. (0 to disable, default: 0)

--max-report-size BYTES
    Maximum bytes of a report in a given format, across all of its pages. Note that some formats, such as --html, may be restricted by even smaller limits such as --max-page-size. (0 to disable, default: 41943040)

--max-diff-block-lines LINES
    Maximum number of lines output per unified-diff block, across all pages. (0 to disable, default: 1024)

--max-page-size BYTES
    Maximum bytes of the top-level (--html-dir) or sole (--html) page. (default: 41943040, remains in effect even with --no-default-limits)

--max-page-diff-block-lines LINES
    Maximum number of lines output per unified-diff block on the top-level (--html-dir) or sole (--html) page, before spilling it into a child page (--html-dir) or skipping the rest of the diff block. (default: 128, remains in effect even with --no-default-limits)

  diff calculation:

--new-file
    Treat absent files as empty

--exclude GLOB_PATTERN
    Exclude files whose names (including any directory part) match GLOB_PATTERN. Use this option to ignore files based on their names.

--exclude-command REGEX_PATTERN
    Exclude commands that match REGEX_PATTERN. For example '^readelf.*\s--debug-dump=info' and '^radare2.*' can takea long time and differences here are likely secondary differences caused by something represented elsewhere. Use this option to disable commands that use a lot of resources.

--exclude-directory-metadata {auto,yes,no,recursive}
    Exclude directory metadata. Useful if comparing files whose filesystem-level metadata is not intended to be distributed to other systems. This is true for most distributions package builders, but not true for the output of commands such as `make install`. Metadata of archive members remain un-excluded except if "recursive" choice is set. Use this option to ignore permissions, timestamps, xattrs etc. Default: 'no' if comparing two directories, else 'yes'. Note that "file" metadata is actually a property of its containing directory and is not relevant when distributing the file across systems.

--extended-filesystem-attributes, --no-extended-filesystem-attributes
    Check potentially-expensive filesystem extended attributes such as POSIX ACLs, lsattr(1)/chattr(1) attributes etc. (default: False)

--diff-mask REGEX_PATTERN
    Replace/unify substrings that match regular expression REGEX_PATTERN from output strings before applying diff. For example, to filter out a version number or changed path.

--fuzzy-threshold FUZZY_THRESHOLD
    Threshold for fuzzy-matching (0 to disable, 110 is default, 400 is high fuzziness)

--tool-prefix-binutils PREFIX
    Prefix for binutils program names, e.g. "aarch64-linux-gnu-" for a foreign-arch binary or "g" if you're on a non-GNU system.

--max-diff-input-lines LINES
    Maximum number of lines fed to diff(1) (0 to disable, default: 4194304)

--max-container-depth DEPTH
    Maximum depth to recurse into containers. (Cannot be disabled for security reasons, default: 50)

--timeout SECONDS
    Best-effort attempt at a global timeout in seconds. If enabled, diffoscope will not recurse into any further sub-archives after X seconds of total execution time. (default: no timeout) [experimental]

--max-diff-block-lines-saved LINES
    Maximum number of lines saved per diff block. Most users should not need this, unless you run out of memory. This truncates diff(1) output before emitting it in a report, and affects all types of output, including --text and --json. (0 to disable, default: 0)

--use-dbgsym WHEN
    When to automatically use corresponding -dbgsym packages when comparing .deb files. WHEN is one of {no, auto, yes}. Default: auto, meaning yes if two .changes or .buildinfo files are specified, otherwise no.

--force-details
    Force recursing into the depths of file formats even if files have the same content, only really useful for debugging diffoscope. Default: False

  information commands:

--help, -h
    Show this help and exit

--version
    Show program's version number and exit

--list-tools [DISTRO]
    Show external tools required and exit. DISTRO can be one of {arch, debian, FreeBSD, guix}. If specified, the output will list packages in that distribution that satisfy these dependencies.

--list-debian-substvars
    List packages needed for Debian in 'substvar' format.

--list-missing-tools [DISTRO]
    Show missing external tools and exit. DISTRO can be one of {arch, debian, FreeBSD, guix}. If specified, the output will list packages in that distribution that satisfy these dependencies.

  file formats supported:

Android APK files, Android boot images, Android
    package resource table (ARSC), Apple Xcode mobile provisioning files, ar(1) archives, ASM Function, Berkeley DB database files, bzip2 archives, character/block devices, ColorSync colour profiles (.icc), Coreboot CBFS filesystem images, cpio archives, Dalvik .dex files, Debian .buildinfo files, Debian .changes files, Debian source packages (.dsc), Device Tree Compiler blob files, directories, ELF binaries, ext2/ext3/ext4/btrfs/fat filesystems, eXtensible ARchive files, Filesystem image, Flattened Image Tree blob files, FreeDesktop Fontconfig cache files, FreePascal files (.ppu), Gettext message catalogues, GHC Haskell .hi files, GIF image files, Git repositories, GNU R database files (.rdb), GNU R Rscript files (.rds), Gnumeric spreadsheets, GPG keybox databases, Gzipped files, Hierarchical Data Format database, HTML files (.html), ISO 9660 CD images, Java .class files, Java .jmod modules, JavaScript files, JPEG images, JSON files, Linux kernel images, LLVM IR bitcode files, local (UNIX domain) sockets and named pipes (FIFOs), LZ4 compressed files, lzip compressed files, macOS binaries, Microsoft Windows icon files, Microsoft Word .docx files, Mono 'Portable Executable' files, Mozilla-optimized .ZIP archives, Multimedia metadata, OCaml interface files, Ogg Vorbis audio files, OpenOffice .odt files, OpenSSH public keys, OpenWRT package archives (.ipk), PDF documents, PE32 files, PGP signatures, PGP signed/encrypted messages, PNG images, PostScript documents, Public Key Cryptography Standards (PKCS) files (version #7), Python .pyc files, RPM archives, Rust object files (.deflate), Sphinx inventory files, SQLite databases, SquashFS filesystems, symlinks, tape archives (.tar), tcpdump capture files (.pcap), text files, TrueType font files, U-Boot legacy image files, WebAssembly binary module, XML binary schemas (.xsb), XML files, XMLB files, XZ compressed files, ZIP archives and Zstandard compressed files.

  diffoscope homepage:

    <https://diffoscope.org/>

  bugs/issues:

    <https://salsa.debian.org/reproducible-builds/diffoscope/issues>

EXIT STATUS

Exit status is 0 if inputs are the same, 1 if different, 2 if trouble.

COMMAND-LINE EXAMPLES

To compare two files in-depth and produce an HTML report, run something like:

$ diffoscope --html output.html build1.changes build2.changes

diffoscope will exit with 0 if there's no differences and 1 if there are.

To get all possible options, run:

$ diffoscope --help

If you have enough RAM, you can improve performance by running:

$ TMPDIR=/run/shm diffoscope very-big-input-0/ very-big-input-1/

By default this allowed to use up half of RAM; for more add something like:

tmpfs   /run/shm    tmpfs   size=80%    0   0

to your /etc/fstab; see man mount for details.

EXTERNAL DEPENDENCIES

diffoscope requires Python 3 and the following modules available on PyPI: libarchive-c, python-magic.

The various comparators rely on external commands being available. To get a list of them, please run:

$ diffoscope --list-tools

CONTRIBUTORS

Lunar, Reiner Herrmann, Chris Lamb, Mattia Rizzolo, Ximin Luo, Helmut Grohne, Holger Levsen, Daniel Kahn Gillmor, Paul Gevers, Peter De Wachter, Yasushi SHOJI, Clemens Lang, Ed Maste, Joachim Breitner, Mike McQuaid. Baptiste Daroussin, Levente Polyak.

CONTACT

The preferred way to report bugs about diffoscope, as well as suggest fixes and requests for improvements is to submit reports to the issue tracker at: https://salsa.debian.org/reproducible-builds/diffoscope/issues

For more instructions, see CONTRIBUTING.rst in this directory.

Join the users and developers mailing-list: <https://lists.reproducible-builds.org/listinfo/diffoscope>

diffoscope website is at <https://diffoscope.org/>

LICENSE

diffoscope is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

diffoscope is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with diffoscope. If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

SEE ALSO

•   <https://diffoscope.org/>

•   <https://wiki.debian.org/ReproducibleBuilds>