SPIN(1)

NAME
 Spin - verification of multithreaded systems

SYNOPSIS
spin -V
spin [ options ] file

DESCRIPTION
SPIN is a tool for analyzing the logical consistency of asynchronous systems, specifically distributed software, multi-threaded systems, and communication protocols. A model of the system is specified in a guarded command language called Promela (process meta language). This modeling language supports dynamic creation of processes, nondeterministic case selection, loops, gotos, local and global variables. It also allows for a concise specification of logical correctness requirements, including, but not restricted to requirements expressed in linear temporal logic.

Given a Promela model stored in file , SPIN can perform interactive, guided, or random simulations of the system's execution. It can also generate a C program that performs an exhaustive verification of the correctness requirements for the system. The main options supported are as follows. (You can always get a full list of current options with the command "spin --".

-a  Generate a verifier (a model checker) for the specification. The output is written into a set of C files named pan.[cbhmt], that can be compiled (cc -o pan pan.c) to produce an executable verifier. The online SPIN manuals contain the details on compilation and use of the verifiers.

-b  Do not execute printf statements in a simulation run.

-c  Produce an ASCII approximation of a message sequence chart for a random or guided (when combined with -t) simulation run. See also option -M.

-Dxxx
    Pass -Dxxx to the preprocessor (see also -E and -I).

-d  Produce symbol table information for the model specified in file. For each Promela object this information includes the type, name and number of elements (if declared as an array), the initial value (if a data object) or size (if a message channel), the scope (global or local), and whether the object is declared as a variable or as a parameter. For message channels, the data types of the message fields are listed. For structure variables, the 3rd field defines the name of the structure declaration that contains the variable.

-Exxx
    Pass xxx to the preprocessor (see also -D and -I).

-e  If the specification contains multiple never claims, or ltl properties, compute the synchronous product of all claims and write the result to the standard output.

-f LTL
    Translate the LTL formula LTL into a never claim.
    This option reads a formula in LTL syntax from the second argument and translates it into Promela syntax (a never claim, which is Promela's equivalent of a Bchi Automaton). The LTL operators are written: [] (always), <> (eventually), and U (strong until). There is no X (next) operator, to secure compatibility with the partial order reduction rules that are applied during the verification process. If the formula contains spaces, it should be quoted to form a single argument to the SPIN command.
    This option has largely been replaced with the support for inline specification of ltl formula, in Spin version 6.0.

-F file
    Translate the LTL formula stored in file into a never claim.
    This behaves identical to option -f but will read the formula from the file instead of from the command line. The file should contain the formula as the first line. Any text that follows this first line is ignored, so it can be used to store comments or annotation on the formula. (On some systems the quoting conventions of the shell complicate the use of option -f . Option -F is meant to solve those problems.)

-g  In combination with option -p, print all global variable updates in a simulation run.

-h  At the end of a simulation run, print the value of the seed that was used for the random number generator. By specifying the same seed with the -n option, the exact run can be repeated later.

-I  Show the result of inlining and preprocessing.

-i  Perform an interactive simulation, prompting the user at every execution step that requires a nondeterministic choice to be made. The simulation proceeds without user intervention when execution is deterministic.

-jN Skip printing for the first N steps in a simulation run.

-J  Reverse the evaluation order for nested unless statements, e.g., to match the way in which Java handles exceptions.

-k file
    Use the file name file as the trail-file, see also -t.

-l  In combination with option -p, include all local variable updates in the output of a simulation run.

-M  Produce a message sequence chart in tcl/tk form for a random simulation or a guided simulation (when combined with -t), for the model in file , and display the result with wish. See also option -c.

-m  Changes the semantics of send events. Ordinarily, a send action will be (blocked) if the target message buffer is full. With this option a message sent to a full buffer is lost.

-nN Set the seed for a random simulation to the integer value N . There is no space between the -n and the integer N. ,TP -N file Use the never claim stored in file to generate the verified (see -a).

-O  Use the original scope rules from pre-Spin version 6.

-o[123]
    Turn off data-flow optimization (-o1). Do not hide write-only variables (-o2) during verification. Turn off statement merging (-o3) during verification. Turn on rendezvous optimization (-o4) during verification. Turn on case caching (-o5) to reduce the size of pan.m, but losing accuracy in reachability reports.

-O  Use the scope rules pre-version 6.0. In this case there are only two possible levels of scope for all data declarations: global, or proctype local. In version 6.0 and later there is a third level of scope: inlines or blocks.

-Pxxx
    Use the command xxx for preprocessing instead of the standard C preprocessor.

-p  Include all statement executions in the output of simulation runs.

-qN Suppress the output generated for channel N during simulation runs.

-r  Show all message-receive events, giving the name and number of the receiving process and the corresponding the source line number. For each message parameter, show the message type and the message channel number and name.

-replay
    Replay an error trace found in an earlier verification (see -search). As with -search, arguments meant for Spin itself (e.g., -p) can be given before the -replay argument. If the replay can only be done with the ./pan executable, then arguments for the replay with the ./pan executable can be given after the -replay argument.

-search
    Compile and run directly. Verificaiton compile-time and runtime flags can be added after this parameter. Any Spin parse-time parameters must come before the -search parameter. The actual command line executed is printed if -v is specified (before the -search argument).

-s  Include all send operations in the output of simulation runs.

-T  Do not automatically indent the printf output of process i with i tabs.

-t[N]
    Perform a guided simulation, following the [Nth] error trail that was produces by an earlier verification run, see the online manuals for the details on verification. By default the error trail is looked for in a file with the same basename as the model, and with extension .trail. See also -k.

-v  Verbose mode, add some more detail, and generate more hints and warnings about the model.

-V  Print the SPIN version number and exit.

-x  Generate transition tables from model and exit (generates, compiles, and runs pan.c).

With only a filename as an argument and no option flags, SPIN performs a random simulation of the model specified in the file. This normally does not generate output, except what is generated explicitly by the user within the model with printf statements, and some details about the final state that is reached after the simulation completes. The group of options -bgilmprstv is used to set the desired level of information that the user wants about a random, guided, or interactive simulation run. Every line of output normally contains a reference to the source line in the specification that generated it. If option -i is included, the simulation is interactive, or if option -t or -k file is added, the simulation is guided.

-b  Suppress the execution of printf statements within the model.

-g  Show at each time step the current value of global variables.

-l  In combination with option -p, show the current value of local variables of the process.

-p  Show at each simulation step which process changed state, and what source statement was executed.

-r  Show all message-receive events, giving the name and number of the receiving process and the corresponding the source line number. For each message parameter, show the message type and the message channel number and name.

-s  Show all message-send events.

-v  Verbose mode, add some more detail, and generat more hints and warnings about the model.

SEE ALSO
Online manuals at spinroot.com:
http://spinroot.com/spin/Man/3_SpinGUI.html
http://spinroot.com/spin/Man/4_SpinVerification.html
http://spinroot.com/spin/Man/1_Exercises.html
More background information on the system and the verification process, can be found in, for instance:
G.J. Holzmann, The Spin Model Checker Primer and Reference Manual, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass., 2004.
--, `The model checker SPIN,' IEEE Trans. on SE, Vol, 23, No. 5, May 1997.
--, `Design and validation of protocols: a tutorial,' Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, Vol. 25, No. 9, 1993, pp. 981-1017.
--, Design and Validation of Computer Protocols, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1991.