Crear secuencias de órdenes Python con ScriptForge

Contenido

# Creating Python Scripts with ScriptForge

## Diferencias entre BASIC y Python

La biblioteca ScriptForge está disponible tanto para BASIC como para Python. La mayor parte de los servicios, los métodos y las propiedades actúan de idéntica manera en ambos lenguajes de programación. Sin embargo, debido a diferencias de funcionamiento entre ambos, los usuarios de ScriptForge deben estar al tanto de ciertas características de la biblioteca cuando se utiliza Python:

- Methods and Property names: In Python, all methods and properties can be used in lowercased, ProperCased or camelCased formats.

- Arguments: All keyword arguments passed on to methods are lowercased.

- Dates: All date objects are passed and returned as datetime.datetime native Python objects.

- Arrays: One-dimensional arrays are passed and returned as tuples (which is an immutable object). Two-dimensional arrays are passed and returned as tuples of tuples.

- None: Python's None keyword is equivalent to Basic's Null, Empty or Nothing.

- UNO objects: All UNO structures are exchanged between Basic and Python without any changes.

- Debugging: Whenever an error occurs in Python scripts that use ScriptForge, the error message provided by the Python execution stack displays the line of code that triggered the error. In Basic error messages do not display this information.

Visit LibreOffice Python Scripts Help for more information on Python scripting using LibreOffice.

## Editing Python scripts in IDEs

Python typing hints - relating to ScriptForge services public methods and properties - can be obtained from IDEs that support such facility. Visually, while editing a user script:

- hovering an object instance, a method or a property displays its detailed description.

- a "." after an object instance displays a drop-down box listing all available interfaces.

- brackets after a method-name start code-completion by displaying its arguments.

Typing hints are displayed when editing methods and properties with propercase letters.

## Ejecutar secuencias Python en LibreOffice

Depending on what you intend to achieve, you may choose one of the following approaches to running Python scripts in LibreOffice:

- Run Scripts inside the current LibreOffice process: Python scripts are executed from within the LibreOffice process by using the Tools - Macros - Run Macro menu or the APSO extension to call user scripts stored in the Python scripts folder. You can also use the APSO Python shell to interactively run Python scripts.

- Run Scripts separately from the LibreOffice process: Python scripts are executed from an external process that connects to an ongoing LibreOffice process using a socket.

If you plan to run scripts from inside the LibreOffice process, it is recommended to install the APSO (Alternative Script Organizer for Python) extension. However, to develop Python scripts from outside LibreOffice, you can choose your preferred Python IDE.

## Ejecutar secuencias dentro del proceso de LibreOffice

### Utilizar la extensión APSO

The easiest way to get started with Python scripting in LibreOffice is by installing the APSO extension. After installing it, open any LibreOffice component and go to Tools - Macros - Organize Python Scripts.

In APSO's main window go to Menu - Python Shell.

Alternatively you can open APSO using the default shortcut Alt + Shift + F11.

Now you can start typing Python commands and the shell will print the corresponding output after each line of code is executed.

To start using the ScriptForge library, you need to import the CreateScriptService method, with which you will be able to access the services provided by the library. The example below uses the Basic service to display a message box.

        from scriptforge import CreateScriptService
        bas = CreateScriptService("Basic")
        bas.MsgBox("Hello!")

To run the example above, enter each line in the Python shell, one by one, pressing the Enter key after you type each line of code.

Now you can start executing Python commands using any of the ScriptForge services. For example, the code snippet below uses the UI service to create a blank Writer document.

        ui = CreateScriptService("UI")
        doc = ui.CreateDocument("Writer")

### Crear archivos de secuencia de órdenes de Python

Puede crear sus propios archivos Python y modificarlos con su editor de texto predilecto. Después, puede llamarlos desde cualquier componente de LibreOffice.

El primer paso consiste en encontrar la ubicación de las secuencias de órdenes de usuario. Para hacerlo, consulte la página de ayuda Organización y ubicación de secuencias de órdenes Python.

Now you can create a text file inside your Python user scripts folder, for instance sf_test.py, and start typing your scripts.

Next is a simple example that gets the numeric value from a Calc cell and increments it by 1. Simply type the following code into the sf_test.py file.

        from scriptforge import CreateScriptService
        doc = CreateScriptService("Calc")

        def increment_cell(args=None):
            value = doc.GetValue("A1")
            value += 1
            doc.SetValue("A1", value)

        g_exportedScripts = (increment_cell, )

This example creates the increment_cell function. Note that g_exportedScripts is a tuple that tells which functions will be displayed in LibreOffice as user scripts.

Para ejecutar esta secuencia desde un documento de Calc:

1. Cree o abra un archivo de Calc.

2. Enter some numeric value into cell "A1" in the current sheet.

3. Diríjase a Herramientas ▸ Macros ▸ Ejecutar macros.

4. Choose My Macros - sf_test in the library selector. Then choose the increment_cell function under the Macro Name list.

5. Pulse en Run (‘Ejecutar’). Observe cómo el valor de la celda A1 aumenta en una unidad.

También puede utilizar APSO para ejecutar secuencias escritas en Python de manera semejante:

1. Primeramente, abra APSO yendo a Herramientas ▸ Macros ▸ Organizar secuencias de Python.

2. En la lista de macros, navegue a Mis macros ▸ sf_test ▸ increment_cell.

3. Pulse en Ejecutar.

## Ejecutar secuencias separadamente del proceso de LibreOffice

### Determinar la ruta de la instalación

The first step to run scripts from a separate process is to find the folder where LibreOffice is installed. There are several ways to do that, but ScriptForge provides a quick way to identify your installation path. For that, open APSO's Python shell and type:

        from scriptforge import CreateScriptService
        fs = CreateScriptService("FileSystem")
        fs.FileNaming = "SYS"
        inst_dir = fs.InstallFolder
        print(inst_dir)

The output from the code above is the base directory where LibreOffice is installed. Now you need to add the "program" subfolder to the resulting path. This is the base folder from which you will run Python scripts from a separate process.

For example, suppose you get /usr/lib/libreoffice/ as the result from running the Python code above. Then you need to consider /usr/lib/libreoffice/program as the path to run your Python scripts.

### Start LibreOffice with socket settings

Para ejecutar las secuencias Python desde un proceso separado, es necesario iniciar LibreOffice con algunas opciones adicionales que especifican el nombre de anfitrión y el puerto a través del cual el proceso externo se comunicará con el proceso del componente de LibreOffice.

Open the your operating system's command prompt, navigate to the program folder of your LibreOffice installation directory and type:

./soffice --accept='socket,host=localhost,port=2021;urp;'

La orden anterior iniciará LibreOffice con una vía de comunicación abierta para que otros procesos puedan intercambiar mensajes con este.

Observe que el ejemplo anterior abre el centro de bienvenida de LibreOffice. Si quiere abrir un componente en concreto, como por ejemplo Writer, puede añadir la opción --writer a la orden, como se ejemplifica a continuación:

./soffice --writer --accept='socket,host=localhost,port=2021;urp;'

Tome nota de los parámetros host y port, los cuales en este ejemplo son localhost y 2021, respectivamente.

### Ejecutar un intérprete de Python externo

Start the Python shell from within the program folder inside your LibreOffice installation path. Follow the steps above to learn how to find your installation path.

On Linux / Mac OS:

$ cd /usr/lib/libreoffice/program

$ python

En Windows:

$ cd C:\Program Files\LibreOffice\program\

$ python.exe

This will open the Python shell and now you can start typing commands that will be executed by LibreOffice. But first you need to set up the socket connection.

        from scriptforge import ScriptForge, CreateScriptService
        ScriptForge(hostname='localhost', port=2021)

Read the section Setting PYTHONPATH below in case of errors importing scriptforge.py or uno.py.

The second line of code above defines the host and port settings so that the Python shell can communicate with an ongoing LibreOffice process opened with the same socket settings.

Now you can run other Python commands and they will be able to communicate with the LibreOffice process. For example:

        ui = CreateScriptService("UI")
        bas = CreateScriptService("Basic")
        doc = ui.OpenDocument("~/Documents/myFile.ods")
        bas.MsgBox(doc.DocumentType)

### Setting PYTHONPATH

Depending on your operating system's configuration you will need to set the environment variable PYTHONPATH in order to import the scriptforge.py library, which in turn requires importing the uno.py library.

Use your operating system's file search tool to determine the directory where both these files are located.

For instance, on a default Ubuntu installation both files may be located at:

- scriptforge.py: Located in /usr/lib/libreoffice/program

- uno.py: Located in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages

In this case, set the environment variable PYTHONPATH as follows before starting the Python interpreter:

export PYTHONPATH=/usr/lib/libreoffice/program:/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages

The location of these files will be different for each operating system and LibreOffice installation method.

Temas relacionados

La biblioteca ScriptForge

Ayuda con las macros en Python en LibreOffice

Iniciar un programa de LibreOffice con parámetros