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# Newsboat

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Newsboat is an open source news aggregator licensed under the MIT License.

From newsboat(1) § DESCRIPTION:

  Newsboat is an RSS/Atom feed reader for text terminals. RSS and Atom are a number of widely-used XML formats to transmit, publish and syndicate articles, for example news or blog articles. Newsboat is designed to be used on text terminals on Unix or Unix-like systems such as GNU/Linux, BSD or macOS.

Newsboat is a fork of abandoned Newsbeuter.

## Installation

Install the newsboat package. For the development version, install the newsboat-gitAUR package.

## Usage

Newsboat cannot start without any configured feeds. Feeds can be configured in `~/.newsboat/urls`. Newsboat can be started from the command line with

    $ newsboat

Press the `?` key to see a list of all keybindings. Keybindings can be rebound, see #Configuration.

## Managing feeds

Adding, removing, and tagging feeds is done by editing the urls file. By default that is either `~/.newsboat/urls` or `~/.config/newsboat/urls`. We will use `~/.config/newsboat/urls` for the rest of the section.

Tip: In addition to newsboat specific feeds in this section, be sure to see the Web feed article for additional options.

### RSS or ATOM sources

To add URLs, open `~/.config/newsboat/urls` with your favorite text editor and add the URLs, one per line:

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    https://archlinux.org/feeds/news/
    https://lwn.net/headlines/newrss

To add URLs that have restricted access via username/password, simply provide the username/password in the following way:

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    http://username:password@hostname.domain.tld/feed.rss

In order to protect username and password, make sure that `~/.config/newsboat/urls` has the appropriate permissions. Newsboat also makes sure that usernames and passwords within URLs aren’t displayed in its user interface. In case there is a @ in the username, type it as %40 instead so that it can be distinguished from the @ that separates the username/password part from the hostname part.

To configure local files as feeds, simply prefix the local path with `file://`:

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    file:///var/log/rss_eventlog.xml

### HTML as a source

If HTML sources can be converted to RSS via a user supplied script, newsboat can both execute this script and consume the output.

This is accomplished by using the `filter:` prefix in the configuration file. For example, write a script that can read HTML from stdin and print out an RSS or Atom feed to stdout. Save that script to `~/.config/newsboat/html2rss.sh` and add the following feed:

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    filter:~/.config/newsboat/html2rss.sh:https://myurl.com

- For several examples using this strategy, see graysky's newsboat repo.
- For more discussion, see Possible to config newsboat to look at a web exposed directory and report changes #1157.

### Tagging feeds

Every feed can be assigned 0 or more tags. This makes it easy to categorize your feeds as well as the ability to easily apply commands to multiple feeds at once.

Usually, the `~/.config/newsboat/urls` file contains one RSS feed URL per line. To assign a tag to an RSS feed, simply attach it as a single word, separated by blanks such as space or tab. If the tag needs to contain spaces, use quotes (") around the tag (see example below). An example may look like this:

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    http://blog.fefe.de/rss.xml?html interesting conspiracy news "cool stuff"
    http://rss.orf.at/news.xml news orf
    http://www.heise.de/newsticker/heise.rdf news interesting

Starting Newsboat with this configuration, one can press `t` to select a tag. Upon selecting the tag "news", one will see all three RSS feeds. Pressing `t` again and e.g. selecting the "conspiracy" tag, will only show the `http://blog.fefe.de/rss.xml?html` RSS feed. Pressing `Ctrl-T` clears the current tag, and again shows all RSS feeds, regardless of their assigned tags.

Note: If the tag name contains spaces, the tag must be bounded by `"`

#### Special tags

##### Custom feed names

The name of a feed can be defined with a special tag in your urls file. Simply prefix the tag name with the `~` character and the tag name will become the feed name.

For example:

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    http://rss.cnn.com/rss/cnn_topstories.rss "~CNN Top stories"

will define the feed with feed-name "CNN Top stories"

##### Hidden feeds

A feed can be hidden from the regular list of feeds by prefixing the tag name with an `!`.

For example:

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    http://rss.orf.at/news.xml "!ORF News (hidden)"

The content of a hidden feed can only be found through a query feed.

### Query feeds

Custom feeds can be created from existing feeds by creating what is called a query feed: A feed generated by matching articles against a query. Query feeds are defined in your `~/.config/newsboat/urls` file like a normal feed. They have the following syntax:

    query:FEEDNAME:FILTER_EXPRESSION [TAG ...]

Like a normal feed, a query feed has a name, `FEEDNAME`, which is displayed in the feedlist. The filter expression language for `FILTER_EXPRESSION` is defined in the newsboat manual. Query feeds can be optionally tagged, just like a normal feed. See #Tagging feeds.

#### Basic examples

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    "query:Example1:age > 1"
    "query:Example2:(tags # \"example2\") and (title =~ \"example2\")"
    "query:Example3:(rssurl =~ \"example3\") or (total_count > 3)"

The first example defines a feed named `Example1` that will contain all articles that are older than a day

The second example defines a feed named `Example2` that will contain all articles whose feed was tagged `example2` and whose article title matches `example2`. Here the `#` is the "contains" operator.

The third example defines a feed named `Example3` that will contain all articles whose feed url matches the regular expression `example3` or all articles that are apart of a feed that contain more than 3 articles.

Note: The query feed definition must be encapsulated in double quotes. Therefore any other double quotes in its declaration must be escaped

#### Unread articles

To create a feed named `Unread Articles` that contains all unread articles, define the following:

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    "query:Unread Articles:unread = \"yes\""

#### Amalgamating multiple feeds into one

A good use of query feeds is when you are following a creator whose content is spread across multiple feeds. You can use a query feed to amalgamate all their content into one place.

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    "query:Metafeed:tags # \"metafeed\""
    https://feed.url/1 metafeed !
    https://feed.url/2 metafeed !
    https://feed.url/3 metafeed !

The trick is to assign each individual feed a unique tag - here we used `metafeed` - so that we can match against it in the filter expression. We also make use of #Hidden feeds - the `!` at the end of each feed - so that the individual feeds do not show up in the feedlist.

#### Filtering a specific feed

If a feed contains content you do not want to see, you can filter it by using a query feed. For example, to monitor package updates you are interested in, you can use:

    ~/.config/newsboat/urls

    "query:Package Updates:(tags # \"packageupdates\") and (title =~ \"linux [0-9]|newsboat\")"
    https://archlinux.org/feeds/packages/ packageupdates !

This feed will only display updates to linux and newsboat.

### Ignoring articles

As with query feeds, another way to filter feeds is by using the `ignore-article` command in your `~/.config/newsboat/config`. It has the following syntax

    ignore-article FEEDURL FILTER_EXPRESSION

#### Examples

    ~/.config/newsboat/config

    ignore-article "https://feed/url1" "content =~ \"tele(phone|communications)\""
    ignore-article "https://feed/url2" "title =~ \"text_1|text_2\""

The first example will ignore all articles in `https://feed/url1` whose content matches `tele(phone|communications)`

The second example will ignore all articles in `https://feed/url2` whose title matches `text_1|text_2`

#### Ignore modes

In contrast to filtering with query feeds, Newsboat allows you to decide what to do with articles that match an `ignore-article` command: you can delete them or not show them.

    ~/.config/newsboat/config

    # ignore-mode "download" # Default: Delete them.
    # ignore-mode "display"  # Do not show them.

#### Comparison with query feeds

In terms of pure filtering, whatever you can do with `ignore-article` you can also do with a query feed.

Query feeds are defined in your `~/.config/newsboat/urls` file while `ignore-article` commands are placed in your `~/.config/newsboat/config`. So if you prefer having all feed related things in one place, you might want to stick to using query feeds.

However if you want to save space and prevent newsboat from downloading certain articles, then using `ignore-article` is your only choice.

## Configuration

Several aspects of Newsboat’s behaviour can be configured via a configuration file which is located, by default, in `~/.newsboat/config` or `~/.config/newsboat/config`. This configuration file contains lines of the form:

    <config-command> <arg1> ...

### Color schemes

The package ships with a number of schemes in `/usr/share/doc/newsboat/contrib/colorschemes/` which can be loaded with the include command like so:

    include /usr/share/doc/newsboat/contrib/colorschemes/inkpot

### Additional options

The configuration file can also contain comments, which start with the `#` character and go as far as the end of line. To enter a configuration argument that contains spaces, use quotes `"` around the whole argument. It is even possible to integrate the output of external commands into the configuration. The text between two backticks ``` is evaluated as shell command, and its output is put on its place instead. This works like backtick evaluation in Bourne-compatible shells and allows users to use external information from the system within the configuration.

See [1] and [2] for example configurations.

Note: To see a complete list of configuration command, consult newsboat(1) § CONFIGURATION COMMANDS.

## Tips and tricks

### Automatic feed reloads

Newsboat can automatically reload all feeds on startup with the following configuration:

    auto-reload yes

With this setting, Newsboat also runs periodic auto-reloads – by default, every 60 minutes. The number of minutes between automatic reloads can be configured like so:

    reload-time <desired number of minutes>

Alternatively, use cron or systemd to automatically reload feeds. Just add a line in your crontab, or create a systemd service/timer unit combo that issues the following command:

    /usr/bin/newsboat -x reload

### Loading of feeds in parallel for faster updates

By default, Newsboat will attempt to update entries in `~/.newsboat/urls` in sequence; however, the following setting will update them n at a time, in parallel. Adjust n to your liking.

    reload-threads 100

### Pass article URL to external command

A clever little hack allows one to pass the URL of an article to an external command. The idea is to use a macro to set the browser that Newsboat opens the article with to the path of some other command and then change it back afterwards.

For example, subscribers of a particular youtube channel can open the video with mpv, by doing the following:

    macro y set browser "mpv %u" ; open-in-browser ; set browser "elinks %u"

Note: First press the `,` key, followed by the keybind to use the macro. In the example above, type `,` + `y`

### Subheadings

There is another little hack that allows the user to add subheadings to sort feeds more effectively. This hack involves adding fake feeds to the `urls` file like so:

    ---Heading---

Note: the `---` characters are optional but having some sort of character identifying the headings is useful for styling.

Then in `~/.config/newsboat/config`, add the following two lines:

    highlight feedlist "---.*---" COLOR_OF_YOUR_CHOOSING default bold
    highlight feedlist ".*0/0.." default default invis

Of course, replace `COLOR_OF_YOUR_CHOOSING` with a newsboat supported color.

This trick can also interact with Tags by replacing `---Heading---` with:

    "query:---Heading---:tags # \"Tag\""

Then tagging all the feeds below the heading with `Tag`.

## Troubleshooting

### Newsboat will not start

Newsboat cannot start without any configured feeds! To add URLs, see #Managing feeds. If that is not the problem, check to see if another instance of Newsboat is running. Newsboat issues a lock on its database so that only one instance can access it at a time; thus, attempting to open a second instance will fail.

## See also

- Official web site
- Full documentation
- Arabesque: RSS with Newsboat

Categories:

- News aggregators
- Console applications