nix profile

Warning: This program is experimental and its interface is subject to change.

# Name

`nix profile` - manage Nix profiles

# Synopsis

`nix profile` [option...] subcommand

where subcommand is one of the following:

- `nix profile diff-closures` - show the closure difference between each version of a profile
- `nix profile history` - show all versions of a profile
- `nix profile install` - install a package into a profile
- `nix profile list` - list installed packages
- `nix profile remove` - remove packages from a profile
- `nix profile rollback` - roll back to the previous version or a specified version of a profile
- `nix profile upgrade` - upgrade packages using their most recent flake
- `nix profile wipe-history` - delete non-current versions of a profile

# Description

`nix profile` allows you to create and manage Nix profiles. A Nix profile is a set of packages that can be installed and upgraded independently from each other. Nix profiles are versioned, allowing them to be rolled back easily.

# Default profile

The default profile used by `nix profile` is `$HOME/.nix-profile`, which, if it does not exist, is created as a symlink to `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/default` if Nix is invoked by the `root` user, or `/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/`username otherwise.

You can specify another profile location using `--profile` path.

# Filesystem layout

Profiles are versioned as follows. When using profile path, path is a symlink to path`-`N, where N is the current version of the profile. In turn, path`-`N is a symlink to a path in the Nix store. For example:

    $ ls -l /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/alice/profile*
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 14 Nov 25 14:35 /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/alice/profile -> profile-7-link
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 51 Oct 28 16:18 /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/alice/profile-5-link -> /nix/store/q69xad13ghpf7ir87h0b2gd28lafjj1j-profile
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 51 Oct 29 13:20 /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/alice/profile-6-link -> /nix/store/6bvhpysd7vwz7k3b0pndn7ifi5xr32dg-profile
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 alice users 51 Nov 25 14:35 /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/alice/profile-7-link -> /nix/store/mp0x6xnsg0b8qhswy6riqvimai4gm677-profile

Each of these symlinks is a root for the Nix garbage collector.

The contents of the store path corresponding to each version of the profile is a tree of symlinks to the files of the installed packages, e.g.

    $ ll -R /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/eelco/profile-7-link/
    /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/eelco/profile-7-link/:
    total 20
    dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan  1  1970 bin
    -r--r--r-- 2 root root 1402 Jan  1  1970 manifest.json
    dr-xr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jan  1  1970 share

    /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/eelco/profile-7-link/bin:
    total 20
    lrwxrwxrwx 5 root root 79 Jan  1  1970 chromium -> /nix/store/ijm5k0zqisvkdwjkc77mb9qzb35xfi4m-chromium-86.0.4240.111/bin/chromium
    lrwxrwxrwx 7 root root 87 Jan  1  1970 spotify -> /nix/store/w9182874m1bl56smps3m5zjj36jhp3rn-spotify-1.1.26.501.gbe11e53b-15/bin/spotify
    lrwxrwxrwx 3 root root 79 Jan  1  1970 zoom-us -> /nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927/bin/zoom-us

    /nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/eelco/profile-7-link/share/applications:
    total 12
    lrwxrwxrwx 4 root root 120 Jan  1  1970 chromium-browser.desktop -> /nix/store/4cf803y4vzfm3gyk3vzhzb2327v0kl8a-chromium-unwrapped-86.0.4240.111/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop
    lrwxrwxrwx 7 root root 110 Jan  1  1970 spotify.desktop -> /nix/store/w9182874m1bl56smps3m5zjj36jhp3rn-spotify-1.1.26.501.gbe11e53b-15/share/applications/spotify.desktop
    lrwxrwxrwx 3 root root 107 Jan  1  1970 us.zoom.Zoom.desktop -> /nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927/share/applications/us.zoom.Zoom.desktop

    …

The file `manifest.json` records the provenance of the packages that are installed in this version of the profile. It looks like this:

    {
      "version": 1,
      "elements": [
        {
          "active": true,
          "attrPath": "legacyPackages.x86_64-linux.zoom-us",
          "originalUrl": "flake:nixpkgs",
          "storePaths": [
            "/nix/store/wbhg2ga8f3h87s9h5k0slxk0m81m4cxl-zoom-us-5.3.469451.0927"
          ],
          "uri": "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/13d0c311e3ae923a00f734b43fd1d35b47d8943a"
        },
        …
      ]
    }

Each object in the array `elements` denotes an installed package and has the following fields:

- `originalUrl`: The flake reference specified by the user at the time of installation (e.g. `nixpkgs`). This is also the flake reference that will be used by `nix profile upgrade`.

- `uri`: The immutable flake reference to which `originalUrl` resolved.

- `attrPath`: The flake output attribute that provided this package. Note that this is not necessarily the attribute that the user specified, but the one resulting from applying the default attribute paths and prefixes; for instance, `hello` might resolve to `packages.x86_64-linux.hello` and the empty string to `packages.x86_64-linux.default`.

- `storePath`: The paths in the Nix store containing the package.

- `active`: Whether the profile contains symlinks to the files of this package. If set to false, the package is kept in the Nix store, but is not "visible" in the profile's symlink tree.