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The LInux LOader, or LILO for short, is a legacy multi-boot loader for Linux systems. In spite of being the standard choice over the course of several years, it has been slowly phased out. As of January 2016, LILO is no longer actively developed.

## Supported file systems

From upstream's readme:

  LILO does not know how to read a file system. Instead, the map installer asks the kernel for the physical location of files (e.g. the kernel image(s)) and records that information. This allows LILO to work with most file systems that are supported by Linux.

In practice, the development of LILO has stopped precisely because of some limitations to that approach, e.g. with Btrfs, GPT, RAID.

## Installation

LILO is available as liloAUR and lilo-gitAUR (the development version). LILO only works on BIOS systems.

Running the command `lilo` (as root) will install LILO to the MBR. Before running the lilo command you should edit `/etc/lilo.conf` to ensure that the root entry points towards the root partition. If your root partition is on `/dev/sda1` then the root entry should look like this: `root=/dev/sda1`. Remember to change the root line for both the 'arch' and the 'arch-fallback' entries.

### Install to partition or partitionless disk

Use the `-b` flag to specify a partition or the whole disk (instead of the implied `-M`) to install LILO to the volume boot record (VBR) instead of the MBR. See lilo(8) and the answers by Hypnos on the Gentoo forum.

## Configuration

LILO is configured by editing the `/etc/lilo.conf` file and running `lilo` afterwards to apply the new configuration.

As a reminder, consider that LILO needs to be run after every kernel upgrade, otherwise the system is likely to be left in an unbootable state.

More help on setting up LILO can be found in the LILO-mini-HOWTO.

### Sample setup

A typical LILO setup:

Tip: If LILO is really slow while loading the bzImage, try adding `compact` to `/etc/lilo.conf`'s global section, as shown below.

    /etc/lilo.conf

    #
    # /etc/lilo.conf
    #

    boot=/dev/sda
    # This line often fixes L40 errors on bootup
    # disk=/dev/sda bios=0x80

    default=arch
    timeout=50
    lba32
    prompt
    # Nice colours
    install=menu
    menu-scheme=Wb:Yr:Wb:Wb

    # Highly recommended to uncomment line below if it
    #  does not give any error on booting
    compact

    # Remember to change root=/dev/???
    image=/boot/vmlinuz-linux
    	label=arch
    	root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX
    	initrd=/boot/initramfs-linux.img
    	read-write

    image=/boot/vmlinuz-linux
    	label=arch-fallback
    	root=/dev/disk/by-uuid/XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX
    	initrd=/boot/initramfs-linux-fallback.img
    	read-write

    #other=/dev/hda1
    #	label=dos

You can use `hwinfo --framebuffer` to determine what vga modes you can use.

### Using an image as background

First prepare the background image:

- Open it in GIMP.
- Scale it to 640x480.
- Change it to indexed mode (Image > Mode > Indexed).
- Select Create optimal palette and set it to 16 colours. Choose whatever dithering method suits you.
- Open the "Indexed Palette" dialog. Make note of which colours you want to use for menu text entries, the clock, etc. In your `lilo.conf`, you refer to the colours by index.
- Export the image as a bmp in your `/boot` directory. In Export dialog check option Do not write color space information

Now edit `lilo.conf`. There are a few options that can be set for your graphical menu. See `man lilo.conf` for more information.

- bitmap=<bitmap-file> Set this to the file that you saved above.
- bmp-colors=<fg>,<bg>,<sh>,<hfg>,<hbg>,<hsh>

  These are the colours of the entries in the menu. They refer to the foreground, background, and shadow colours respectively, followed by the same for highlighted text. Do not use spaces. The values used are indices into the colour palette that you discovered in the previous step. If you choose, you can leave a value blank (but do not forget the comma). The default background is transparent, the default shadow is to have none.

- bmp-table=<x>,<y>,<ncol>,<nrow>,<xsep>,<spill> This option specifies where the menu is placed. x and y are the character coordinates. You can also suffix them with a p to specify pixel coordinates.
- bmp-timer=<x>,<y>,<fg>,<bg>,<sh> This option specifies the coordinates and colour of the timer that counts down the timeout before booting a default entry. It uses colour indices for the colours, and character (or pixel) coordinates.

For example:

    bitmap=/boot/arch-lilo.bmp
    bmp-colors=1,0,8,3,8,1
    bmp-table=250p,150p,1,18
    bmp-timer=250p,350p,3,8,1

Save `lilo.conf`, run `lilo` as root, and reboot and see how it looks!

## Pacman hook

lilo needs to be run after every kernel update. You can use a pacman hook to automate it. See Pacman#Hooks or alpm-hooks(5).

Make the directory `/etc/pacman.d/hooks` if it does not already exist.

    /etc/pacman.d/hooks/lilo.hook

    [Trigger]
    Operation = Install
    Operation = Upgrade
    Operation = Remove
    Type = Package
    Target = linux
    Target = linux-lts

    [Action]
    Description= Run lilo after kernel update
    When = PostTransaction
    Depends = lilo
    Exec = /usr/bin/lilo

## Troubleshooting

### Read write error message whilst booting

This error message is caused by a change in mkinitcpio which was in response to this systemd commit. The change causes partitions to be fsck'ed twice when mounted read only. To fix this error edit `/etc/lilo.conf` and change the 'read only' line to 'read write' for both arch entries.

See this forum thread for more information.

### Devmapper not found error message after kernel upgrade

It is possible that running the `lilo` command after a kernel upgrade results in a devmapper not found error. If this is the case run `modprobe dm-mod` before running `lilo` after a kernel upgrade.

## See also

- List of kernel parameters that can be used at boot time
- List of kernel paramaters with further explanation and grouped by like options ('Kernel Boot Command-Line Parameter Reference', Linux Kernel In A Nutshell)

Category:

- Boot loaders