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This article covers the proprietary NVIDIA graphics card driver. For the open-source driver, see Nouveau. If you have a laptop with hybrid Intel/NVIDIA graphics, see NVIDIA Optimus instead.

## Installation

Warning: Avoid installing the NVIDIA driver through the package provided from the NVIDIA website. Installation through pacman allows upgrading the driver together with the rest of the system.

1. If you do not know what graphics card you have, find out by issuing:

      $ lspci -k | grep -A 2 -E "(VGA|3D)"

2. Determine the necessary driver version for your card by:

  - Visiting NVIDIA's driver download site and using the dropdown lists.
  - Finding the code name (e.g. NV50, NVC0, etc.) on nouveau wiki's code names page or nouveau's GitLab, then looking up the name in NVIDIA's legacy card list: if your card is not there you can use the latest driver.

3. Install the appropriate driver for your card:

Note: When installing dkms, read Dynamic Kernel Module Support#Installation.

  - For the Maxwell (NV110/GMXXX) series and newer, install the nvidia package (for use with the linux kernel) or nvidia-lts package (for use with the linux-lts kernel) or nvidia-dkms package (for all other kernels).
    - If these packages do not work, nvidia-betaAUR may have a newer driver version that offers support.
  - Alternatively for the Turing (NV160/TUXXX) series or newer the nvidia-open package may be installed for open source kernel modules on the linux kernel (On other kernels nvidia-open-dkms must be used).
    - This is currently Beta quality on desktop cards, so there will be issues. Due to nvidia-open issue #282, it does not work on systems that have AMD integrated GPUs.
  - For the Kepler (NVE0/GKXXX) series, install the nvidia-470xx-dkmsAUR package.
    Note: 470xx and older drivers may not function correctly on Linux 5.18 (or later) on systems with Intel CPUs 11th Gen and newer due an incompatibility with Indirect Branch Tracking. You can disable it by setting the `ibt=off` kernel parameter from the boot loader. Be aware, this security feature is responsible for mitigating a class of exploit techniques.
  - For even older cards, have a look at #Unsupported drivers.

4. For 32-bit application support, also install the corresponding lib32 package from the multilib repository (e.g. lib32-nvidia-utils).

5. Remove `kms` from the `HOOKS` array in `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf` and regenerate the initramfs. This will prevent the initramfs from containing the `nouveau` module making sure the kernel cannot load it during early boot.

6. Reboot. The nvidia-utils package contains a file which blacklists the `nouveau` module, so rebooting is necessary.

Once the driver has been installed, continue to #Xorg configuration or #Wayland.

### Unsupported drivers

If you have an older card, NVIDIA no longer actively supports drivers for your card. This means that these drivers do not officially support the current Xorg version. It thus might be easier to use the nouveau driver, which supports the old cards with the current Xorg.

However, NVIDIA's legacy drivers are still available and might provide better 3D performance/stability.

- For the Fermi (NVC0/GF1XX) series, install the nvidia-390xx-dkmsAUR package.
- For the Tesla (NV50/G80-90-GT2XX) series, install the nvidia-340xx-dkmsAUR package.
- For the Curie (NV40/G70) series and older, drivers are no longer packaged for Arch Linux.

### Custom kernel

Ensure your kernel has `CONFIG_DRM_SIMPLEDRM=y`, and if using `CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO_BTF` then this is needed in the PKGBUILD (since kernel 5.16):

    install -Dt "$builddir/tools/bpf/resolve_btfids" tools/bpf/resolve_btfids/resolve_btfids

### DRM kernel mode setting

Warning: Setting `fbdev=1` is experimental with known issues and only introduced with the 545 driver, see Talk:NVIDIA#Framebuffer_consoles_experimental_support for more info.

To enable DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) kernel mode setting, set `modeset=1` and `fbdev=1` kernel module parameters for the `nvidia_drm` module. The latter is required to tell the nvidia driver to provide its own framebuffer device instead of relying on `efifb` or `vesafb`, which don't work under `simpledrm`. For nvidia driver version < 545, the `nvidia_drm.modeset=1` option must be set through kernel parameters, in order to disable `simpledrm` [1] (for more information, refer to FS#73720).

Note: NVIDIA drivers prior to version 470 (e.g. nvidia-390xx-dkmsAUR) do not support hardware accelerated Xwayland, causing non-Wayland-native applications to suffer from poor performance in Wayland sessions.

#### Early loading

For basic functionality, just adding the kernel parameter should suffice. If you want to ensure it is loaded at the earliest possible occasion, or are noticing startup issues (such as the `nvidia` kernel module being loaded after the display manager) you can add `nvidia`, `nvidia_modeset`, `nvidia_uvm` and `nvidia_drm` to the initramfs.

##### mkinitcpio

If you use mkinitcpio initramfs, follow mkinitcpio#MODULES to add modules.

If added to the initramfs, do not forget to run mkinitcpio every time there is a nvidia driver update. See #pacman hook to automate these steps.

##### Booster

If you use Booster, follow Booster#Early module loading.

##### pacman hook

Note: A custom pacman hook is only needed for packages that ship built kernel modules. `*-dkms` packages do not need it as their upgrades will automatically trigger a mkinitcpio run.

To avoid the possibility of forgetting to update initramfs after an NVIDIA driver upgrade, you may want to use a pacman hook:

    /etc/pacman.d/hooks/nvidia.hook

    [Trigger]
    Operation=Install
    Operation=Upgrade
    Operation=Remove
    Type=Package
    Target=nvidia
    Target=linux
    # Change the linux part above if a different kernel is used

    [Action]
    Description=Update NVIDIA module in initcpio
    Depends=mkinitcpio
    When=PostTransaction
    NeedsTargets
    Exec=/bin/sh -c 'while read -r trg; do case $trg in linux*) exit 0; esac; done; /usr/bin/mkinitcpio -P'

Make sure the `Target` package set in this hook is the one you have installed in steps above (e.g. nvidia or nvidia-lts).

Note: The complication in the `Exec` line above is in order to avoid running mkinitcpio multiple times if both `nvidia` and `linux` get updated. In case this does not bother you, the `Target=linux` and `NeedsTargets` lines may be dropped, and the `Exec` line may be reduced to simply `Exec=/usr/bin/mkinitcpio -P`.

### Hardware accelerated video decoding

Accelerated video decoding with VDPAU is supported on GeForce 8 series cards and newer. Accelerated video decoding with NVDEC is supported on Fermi (~400 series) cards and newer. See Hardware video acceleration for details.

### Hardware accelerated video encoding with NVENC

NVENC requires the `nvidia_uvm` module and the creation of related device nodes under `/dev`.

The latest driver package provides a udev rule which creates device nodes automatically, so no further action is required.

If you are using an old driver (e.g. nvidia-340xx-dkmsAUR), you need to create device nodes. Invoking the `nvidia-modprobe` utility automatically creates them. You can create `/etc/udev/rules.d/70-nvidia.rules` to run it automatically:

    /etc/udev/rules.d/70-nvidia.rules

    ACTION=="add", DEVPATH=="/bus/pci/drivers/nvidia", RUN+="/usr/bin/nvidia-modprobe -c 0 -u"

## Xorg configuration

The proprietary NVIDIA graphics card driver does not need any Xorg server configuration file. You can start X to see if the Xorg server will function correctly without a configuration file. However, it may be required to create a configuration file (prefer `/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf` over `/etc/X11/xorg.conf`) in order to adjust various settings. This configuration can be generated by the NVIDIA Xorg configuration tool, or it can be created manually. If created manually, it can be a minimal configuration (in the sense that it will only pass the basic options to the Xorg server), or it can include a number of settings that can bypass Xorg's auto-discovered or pre-configured options.

Tip: For more configuration options, see NVIDIA/Troubleshooting.

### Automatic configuration

The NVIDIA package includes an automatic configuration tool to create an Xorg server configuration file (`xorg.conf`) and can be run by:

    # nvidia-xconfig

This command will auto-detect and create (or edit, if already present) the `/etc/X11/xorg.conf` configuration according to present hardware.

If there are instances of DRI, ensure they are commented out:

    #    Load        "dri"

Double-check your `/etc/X11/xorg.conf` to make sure your default depth, horizontal sync, vertical refresh, and resolutions are acceptable.

### nvidia-settings

The nvidia-settings tool lets you configure many options using either CLI or GUI. Running `nvidia-settings` without any options launches the GUI, for CLI options see nvidia-settings(1).

You can run the CLI/GUI as a non-root user and save the settings to `~/.nvidia-settings-rc` by using the option Save Current Configuration under nvidia-settings Configuration tab.

To load the `~/.nvidia-settings-rc` for the current user:

    $ nvidia-settings --load-config-only

See Autostarting to start this command on every boot.

Note:

- Xorg may not start or crash on startup after saving `nvidia-settings` changes. Adjusting or deleting the generated `~/.nvidia-settings-rc` and/or Xorg file(s) should recover normal startup.
- Cinnamon desktop can override changes made through `nvidia-settings`. You can adjust the Cinnamon startup behavior to prevent that.

### Manual configuration

Several tweaks (which cannot be enabled automatically or with nvidia-settings) can be performed by editing your configuration file. The Xorg server will need to be restarted before any changes are applied.

See NVIDIA Accelerated Linux Graphics Driver README and Installation Guide for additional details and options.

#### Minimal configuration

A basic configuration block in `20-nvidia.conf` (or deprecated in `xorg.conf`) would look like this:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-nvidia.conf

    Section "Device"
            Identifier "NVIDIA Card"
            Driver "nvidia"
            VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation"
            BoardName "GeForce GTX 1050 Ti"
    EndSection

#### Disabling the logo on startup

Add the `"NoLogo"` option under section `Device`:

    Option "NoLogo" "1"

#### Overriding monitor detection

The `"ConnectedMonitor"` option under section `Device` allows overriding monitor detection when X server starts, which may save a significant amount of time at start up. The available options are: `"CRT"` for analog connections, `"DFP"` for digital monitors and `"TV"` for televisions.

The following statement forces the NVIDIA driver to bypass startup checks and recognize the monitor as DFP:

    Option "ConnectedMonitor" "DFP"

Note: Use "CRT" for all analog 15 pin VGA connections, even if the display is a flat panel. "DFP" is intended for DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort digital connections only.

#### Enabling brightness control

This article or section is out of date.

Reason: Potentially obsolete[2], upstream package also seems to be ancient. (Discuss in Talk:NVIDIA)

Add to kernel parameters:

    nvidia.NVreg_RegistryDwords=EnableBrightnessControl=1

Alternatively, add the following under section `Device`:

    Option "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"

If brightness control still does not work with this option, try installing nvidia-bl-dkmsAUR.

Note: Installing nvidia-bl-dkmsAUR will provide a `/sys/class/backlight/nvidia_backlight/` interface to backlight brightness control, but your system may continue to issue backlight control changes on `/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0/`. One solution in this case is to watch for changes on, e.g. `acpi_video0/brightness` with inotifywait and to translate and write to `nvidia_backlight/brightness` accordingly. See Backlight#sysfs modified but no brightness change.

#### Enabling SLI

Warning: Since the GTX 10xx Series (1080, 1070, 1060, etc) only 2-way SLI is supported. 3-way and 4-way SLI may work for CUDA/OpenCL applications, but will most likely break all OpenGL applications.

Taken from the NVIDIA driver's README Appendix B: This option controls the configuration of SLI rendering in supported configurations. A "supported configuration" is a computer equipped with an SLI-Certified Motherboard and 2 or 3 SLI-Certified GeForce GPUs.

Find the first GPU's PCI Bus ID using `lspci`:

    # lspci | grep -E "VGA|3D controller"

    00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v2/3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
    03:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK107 [GeForce GTX 650] (rev a1)
    04:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GK107 [GeForce GTX 650] (rev a1)
    08:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM108GLM [Quadro K620M / Quadro M500M] (rev a2)

Add the BusID (3 in the previous example) under section `Device`:

    BusID "PCI:3:0:0"

Note: The format is important. The BusID value must be specified as `"PCI:<BusID>:0:0"`

Add the desired SLI rendering mode value under section `Screen`:

    Option "SLI" "AA"

The following table presents the available rendering modes.

Value | Behavior
--- | ---
0, no, off, false, Single | Use only a single GPU when rendering.
1, yes, on, true, Auto | Enable SLI and allow the driver to automatically select the appropriate rendering mode.
AFR | Enable SLI and use the alternate frame rendering mode.
SFR | Enable SLI and use the split frame rendering mode.
AA | Enable SLI and use SLI antialiasing. Use this in conjunction with full scene antialiasing to improve visual quality.

Alternatively, you can use the nvidia-xconfig utility to insert these changes into `xorg.conf` with a single command:

    # nvidia-xconfig --busid=PCI:3:0:0 --sli=AA

To verify that SLI mode is enabled from a shell:

    $ nvidia-settings -q all | grep SLIMode

      Attribute 'SLIMode' (arch:0.0): AA
        'SLIMode' is a string attribute.
        'SLIMode' is a read-only attribute.
        'SLIMode' can use the following target types: X Screen.

Warning: After enabling SLI, your system may become frozen/non-responsive upon starting xorg. It is advisable that you disable your display manager before restarting.

If this configuration does not work, you may need to use the PCI Bus ID provided by `nvidia-settings`,

    $ nvidia-settings -q all | grep -i pcibus

    Attribute 'PCIBus' (host:0[gpu:0]): 101.
      'PCIBus' is an integer attribute.
      'PCIBus' is a read-only attribute.
      'PCIBus' can use the following target types: GPU, SDI Input Device.
    Attribute 'PCIBus' (host:0[gpu:1]): 23.
      'PCIBus' is an integer attribute.
      'PCIBus' is a read-only attribute.
      'PCIBus' can use the following target types: GPU, SDI Input Device.

and comment out the PrimaryGPU option in your xorg.d configuration,

    /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-nvidia-drm-outputclass.conf

    ...

    Section "OutputClass"
    ...
        # Option "PrimaryGPU" "yes"
    ...

Using this configuration may also solve any graphical boot issues.

### Multiple monitors

See Multihead for more general information.

#### Using nvidia-settings

The nvidia-settings tool can configure multiple monitors.

For CLI configuration, first get the `CurrentMetaMode` by running:

    $ nvidia-settings -q CurrentMetaMode

    Attribute 'CurrentMetaMode' (hostnmae:0.0): id=50, switchable=no, source=nv-control :: DPY-1: 2880x1620 @2880x1620 +0+0 {ViewPortIn=2880x1620, ViewPortOut=2880x1620+0+0}

Save everything after the `::` to the end of the attribute (in this case: `DPY-1: 2880x1620 @2880x1620 +0+0 {ViewPortIn=2880x1620, ViewPortOut=2880x1620+0+0}`) and use to reconfigure your displays with `nvidia-settings --assign "CurrentMetaMode=your_meta_mode"`.

Tip: You can create shell aliases for the different monitor and resolution configurations you use.

#### ConnectedMonitor

If the driver does not properly detect a second monitor, you can force it to do so with ConnectedMonitor.

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf

    Section "Monitor"
        Identifier     "Monitor1"
        VendorName     "Panasonic"
        ModelName      "Panasonic MICRON 2100Ex"
        HorizSync       30.0 - 121.0 # this monitor has incorrect EDID, hence Option "UseEDIDFreqs" "false"
        VertRefresh     50.0 - 160.0
        Option         "DPMS"
    EndSection

    Section "Monitor"
        Identifier     "Monitor2"
        VendorName     "Gateway"
        ModelName      "GatewayVX1120"
        HorizSync       30.0 - 121.0
        VertRefresh     50.0 - 160.0
        Option         "DPMS"
    EndSection

    Section "Device"
        Identifier     "Device1"
        Driver         "nvidia"
        Option         "NoLogo"
        Option         "UseEDIDFreqs" "false"
        Option         "ConnectedMonitor" "CRT,CRT"
        VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
        BoardName      "GeForce 6200 LE"
        BusID          "PCI:3:0:0"
        Screen          0
    EndSection

    Section "Device"
        Identifier     "Device2"
        Driver         "nvidia"
        Option         "NoLogo"
        Option         "UseEDIDFreqs" "false"
        Option         "ConnectedMonitor" "CRT,CRT"
        VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
        BoardName      "GeForce 6200 LE"
        BusID          "PCI:3:0:0"
        Screen          1
    EndSection

The duplicated device with `Screen` is how you get X to use two monitors on one card without `TwinView`. Note that `nvidia-settings` will strip out any `ConnectedMonitor` options you have added.

#### TwinView

You want only one big screen instead of two. Set the `TwinView` argument to `1`. This option should be used if you desire compositing. TwinView only works on a per-card basis, when all participating monitors are connected to the same card.

    Option "TwinView" "1"

Example configuration:

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-monitor.conf

    Section "ServerLayout"
        Identifier     "TwinLayout"
        Screen         0 "metaScreen" 0 0
    EndSection

    Section "Monitor"
        Identifier     "Monitor0"
        Option         "Enable" "true"
    EndSection

    Section "Monitor"
        Identifier     "Monitor1"
        Option         "Enable" "true"
    EndSection

    Section "Device"
        Identifier     "Card0"
        Driver         "nvidia"
        VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"

        #refer to the link below for more information on each of the following options.
        Option         "HorizSync"          "DFP-0: 28-33; DFP-1: 28-33"
        Option         "VertRefresh"        "DFP-0: 43-73; DFP-1: 43-73"
        Option         "MetaModes"          "1920x1080, 1920x1080"
        Option         "ConnectedMonitor"   "DFP-0, DFP-1"
        Option         "MetaModeOrientation" "DFP-1 LeftOf DFP-0"
    EndSection

    Section "Screen"
        Identifier     "metaScreen"
        Device         "Card0"
        Monitor        "Monitor0"
        DefaultDepth    24
        Option         "TwinView" "True"
        SubSection "Display"
            Modes          "1920x1080"
        EndSubSection
    EndSection

Device option information.

If you have multiple cards that are SLI capable, it is possible to run more than one monitor attached to separate cards (for example: two cards in SLI with one monitor attached to each). The "MetaModes" option in conjunction with SLI Mosaic mode enables this. Below is a configuration which works for the aforementioned example and runs GNOME flawlessly.

    /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-monitor.conf

    Section "Device"
            Identifier      "Card A"
            Driver          "nvidia"
            BusID           "PCI:1:00:0"
    EndSection

    Section "Device"
            Identifier      "Card B"
            Driver          "nvidia"
            BusID           "PCI:2:00:0"
    EndSection

    Section "Monitor"
            Identifier      "Right Monitor"
    EndSection

    Section "Monitor"
            Identifier      "Left Monitor"
    EndSection

    Section "Screen"
            Identifier      "Right Screen"
            Device          "Card A"
            Monitor         "Right Monitor"
            DefaultDepth    24
            Option          "SLI" "Mosaic"
            Option          "Stereo" "0"
            Option          "BaseMosaic" "True"
            Option          "MetaModes" "GPU-0.DFP-0: 1920x1200+4480+0, GPU-1.DFP-0:1920x1200+0+0"
            SubSection      "Display"
                            Depth           24
            EndSubSection
    EndSection

    Section "Screen"
            Identifier      "Left Screen"
            Device          "Card B"
            Monitor         "Left Monitor"
            DefaultDepth    24
            Option          "SLI" "Mosaic"
            Option          "Stereo" "0"
            Option          "BaseMosaic" "True"
            Option          "MetaModes" "GPU-0.DFP-0: 1920x1200+4480+0, GPU-1.DFP-0:1920x1200+0+0"
            SubSection      "Display"
                            Depth           24
            EndSubSection
    EndSection

    Section "ServerLayout"
            Identifier      "Default"
            Screen 0        "Right Screen" 0 0
            Option          "Xinerama" "0"
    EndSection

##### Vertical sync using TwinView

If you are using TwinView and vertical sync (the "Sync to VBlank" option in nvidia-settings), you will notice that only one screen is being properly synced, unless you have two identical monitors. Although nvidia-settings does offer an option to change which screen is being synced (the "Sync to this display device" option), this does not always work. A solution is to add the following environment variables at startup, for example append in `/etc/profile`:

    export __GL_SYNC_TO_VBLANK=1
    export __GL_SYNC_DISPLAY_DEVICE=DFP-0
    export VDPAU_NVIDIA_SYNC_DISPLAY_DEVICE=DFP-0

You can change `DFP-0` with your preferred screen (`DFP-0` is the DVI port and `CRT-0` is the VGA port). You can find the identifier for your display from nvidia-settings in the "X Server XVideoSettings" section.

##### Gaming using TwinView

In case you want to play full-screen games when using TwinView, you will notice that games recognize the two screens as being one big screen. While this is technically correct (the virtual X screen really is the size of your screens combined), you probably do not want to play on both screens at the same time.

To correct this behavior for SDL, try:

    export SDL_VIDEO_FULLSCREEN_HEAD=1

For OpenGL, add the appropriate Metamodes to your xorg.conf in section `Device` and restart X:

    Option "Metamodes" "1680x1050,1680x1050; 1280x1024,1280x1024; 1680x1050,NULL; 1280x1024,NULL;"

Another method that may either work alone or in conjunction with those mentioned above is starting games in a separate X server.

#### Mosaic mode

Mosaic mode is the only way to use more than 2 monitors across multiple graphics cards with compositing. Your window manager may or may not recognize the distinction between each monitor. Mosaic mode requires a valid SLI configuration. Even if using Base mode without SLI, the GPUs must still be SLI capable/compatible.

##### Base Mosaic

Base Mosaic mode works on any set of Geforce 8000 series or higher GPUs. It cannot be enabled from within the nvidia-setting GUI. You must either use the nvidia-xconfig command line program or edit `xorg.conf` by hand. Metamodes must be specified. The following is an example for four DFPs in a 2x2 configuration, each running at 1920x1024, with two DFPs connected to two cards:

    $ nvidia-xconfig --base-mosaic --metamodes="GPU-0.DFP-0: 1920x1024+0+0, GPU-0.DFP-1: 1920x1024+1920+0, GPU-1.DFP-0: 1920x1024+0+1024, GPU-1.DFP-1: 1920x1024+1920+1024"

Note: While the documentation lists a 2x2 configuration of monitors, GeForce cards are artificially limited to 3 monitors in Base Mosaic mode. Quadro cards support more than 3 monitors. As of September 2014, the Windows driver has dropped this artificial restriction, but it remains in the Linux driver.

##### SLI Mosaic

If you have an SLI configuration and each GPU is a Quadro FX 5800, Quadro Fermi or newer, then you can use SLI Mosaic mode. It can be enabled from within the nvidia-settings GUI or from the command line with:

    $ nvidia-xconfig --sli=Mosaic --metamodes="GPU-0.DFP-0: 1920x1024+0+0, GPU-0.DFP-1: 1920x1024+1920+0, GPU-1.DFP-0: 1920x1024+0+1024, GPU-1.DFP-1: 1920x1024+1920+1024"

## Wayland

See Wayland#Requirements for more information.

For further configuration options, take a look at the wiki pages or documentation of the respective compositor.

Regarding Xwayland take a look at Wayland#Xwayland.

Follow GDM#Wayland and the proprietary NVIDIA driver when using GDM.

## Tips and tricks

See NVIDIA/Tips and tricks.

## Troubleshooting

See NVIDIA/Troubleshooting.

## See also

- Current graphics driver releases in official NVIDIA Forum
- NVIDIA Developers Forum - Linux Subforum

Categories:

- Graphics
- X server

Hidden category:

- Pages or sections flagged with Template:Out of date