51.8. `pg_authid`
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## 51.8. `pg_authid`

The catalog `pg_authid` contains information about database authorization identifiers (roles). A role subsumes the concepts of “users” and “groups”. A user is essentially just a role with the `rolcanlogin` flag set. Any role (with or without `rolcanlogin`) can have other roles as members; see `pg_auth_members`.

Since this catalog contains passwords, it must not be publicly readable. `pg_roles` is a publicly readable view on `pg_authid` that blanks out the password field.

Chapter 21 contains detailed information about user and privilege management.

Because user identities are cluster-wide, `pg_authid` is shared across all databases of a cluster: there is only one copy of `pg_authid` per cluster, not one per database.

Table 51.8. `pg_authid` Columns

Name | Type | Description
--- | --- | ---
`oid` | `oid` | Row identifier (hidden attribute; must be explicitly selected)
`rolname` | `name` | Role name
`rolsuper` | `bool` | Role has superuser privileges
`rolinherit` | `bool` | Role automatically inherits privileges of roles it is a member of
`rolcreaterole` | `bool` | Role can create more roles
`rolcreatedb` | `bool` | Role can create databases
`rolcanlogin` | `bool` | Role can log in. That is, this role can be given as the initial session authorization identifier.
`rolreplication` | `bool` | Role is a replication role. A replication role can initiate replication connections and create and drop replication slots.
`rolbypassrls` | `bool` | Role bypasses every row level security policy, see Section 5.7 for more information.
`rolconnlimit` | `int4` | For roles that can log in, this sets maximum number of concurrent connections this role can make. -1 means no limit.
`rolpassword` | `text` | Password (possibly encrypted); null if none. The format depends on the form of encryption used.
`rolvaliduntil` | `timestamptz` | Password expiry time (only used for password authentication); null if no expiration

For an MD5 encrypted password, `rolpassword` column will begin with the string `md5` followed by a 32-character hexadecimal MD5 hash. The MD5 hash will be of the user's password concatenated to their user name. For example, if user `joe` has password `xyzzy`, PostgreSQL will store the md5 hash of `xyzzyjoe`.

If the password is encrypted with SCRAM-SHA-256, it has the format:

    SCRAM-SHA-256$<iteration count>:<salt>$<StoredKey>:<ServerKey>

where `salt`, `StoredKey` and `ServerKey` are in Base64 encoded format. This format is the same as that specified by RFC 5803.

A password that does not follow either of those formats is assumed to be unencrypted.

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