Qt Remote Objects - External QIODevices | Qt Remote Objects | Qt 6.11.1
Description: Describes how Qt Remote Objects supports custom QIODevice channels.

- Qt 6.11
- Qt Remote Objects
- Qt Remote Objects - External QIODevices
- Qt 6.11.1 Reference Documentation

Registry ◦ Implementing Custom Transport Backends

# Qt Remote Objects - External QIODevices

## External QIODevices

Qt Remote Objects supports several communications channels out-of-the-box, such as the QTcpServer and QTcpSocket pair. Given the desired QUrl for tcp, or the desired name (for the QLocalServer and QLocalSocket pair), the code needed to listen and connect are boilerplate and handled internally by Qt. Qt Remote Objects supports other types of QIODevice as well, and the QRemoteObjectNode classes provide additional methods to support cases where custom code is needed.

A contrived example with TCP/IP is shown below. A more realistic example would use an SSL connection, which would require configuration of certificates, etc.

     // Create the server and listen outside of QtRO
     QTcpServer tcpServer;
     tcpServer.listen(QHostAddress(QStringLiteral("127.0.0.1")), 65213);

     // Create the host node.  We don't need a hostUrl unless we want to take
     // advantage of external schemas (see next example).
     QRemoteObjectHost srcNode;

     // Make sure any connections are handed to QtRO
     QObject::connect(&tcpServer, &QTcpServer::newConnection, &srcNode,
                      [&srcNode, &tcpServer]() {
         srcNode.addHostSideConnection(tcpServer.nextPendingConnection());
     });

The Replica side code needs to manually connect to the Host

     QRemoteObjectNode repNode;
     QTcpSocket *socket = new QTcpSocket(&repNode);
     QObject::connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::connected, &repNode,
             [socket, &repNode]() {
         repNode.addClientSideConnection(socket);
     });
     socket->connectToHost(QHostAddress(QStringLiteral("127.0.0.1")), 65213);

## External Schemas

It is possible to create each side of the QIODevice and call QRemoteObjectNode::addClientSideConnection(QIODevice *ioDevice) and QRemoteObjectHostBase::addHostSideConnection(QIODevice *ioDevice) as shown above. This is fully supported, but requires the client know how to establish the connection or have a way to discover that information. This is exactly the problem the registry was designed to solve.

Qt Remote Objects also allows "External Schemas" to be used with the registry, which helps with connection setup. On the QRemoteObjectHost side, the user must set the hostUrl with the desired schema.

     // Use standard tcp url for the registry
     const QUrl registryUrl = QUrl(QStringLiteral("tcp://127.0.0.1:65212"));
     // Use "exttcp" for the "external" interface
     const QUrl extUrl = QUrl(QStringLiteral("exttcp://127.0.0.1:65213"));

     // Create the server and listen outside of QtRO
     QTcpServer tcpServer;
     tcpServer.listen(QHostAddress(extUrl.host()), extUrl.port());

     // We need a registry for everyone to connect to
     QRemoteObjectRegistryHost registry(registryUrl);

     // Finally, we create our host node and register "exttcp" as our schema.
     // We need the AllowExternalRegistration parameter to prevent the node from
     // setting a hostUrlInvalid error.
     QRemoteObjectHost srcNode(extUrl, registryUrl, QRemoteObjectHost::AllowExternalRegistration);
     // From now on, when we call enableRemoting() from this node, the registry
     // will be updated to show the Source object at extUrl.

On the Replica side, the QRemoteObjectNode needs to register a callback to be used when the external schema is detected. The callback must be a RemoteObjectSchemaHandler.

     // Use standard tcp url for the registry
     const QUrl registryUrl = QUrl(QStringLiteral("tcp://127.0.0.1:65212"));

     // This time create the node connected to the registry
     QRemoteObjectNode repNode(registryUrl);

     // Create the RemoteObjectSchemaHandler callback
     QRemoteObjectNode::RemoteObjectSchemaHandler setupTcp = [&repNode](QUrl url) {
         QTcpSocket *socket = new QTcpSocket(&repNode);
         connect(socket, &QTcpSocket::connected,
                 [socket, &repNode]() {
             repNode.addClientSideConnection(socket);
         });
         connect(socket, &QSslSocket::errorOccurred,
                 [socket](QAbstractSocket::SocketError error) {
             delete socket;
         });
         socket->connectToHost(url.host(), url.port());
     };

     // Once we call registerExternalSchema, the above method will be called
     // whenever the registry sees an object we are interested in on "exttcp"
     repNode.registerExternalSchema(QStringLiteral("exttcp"), setupTcp);

Registry ◦ Implementing Custom Transport Backends